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          <h1 id="对调试器的最初印象"><a href="#对调试器的最初印象" class="headerlink" title="对调试器的最初印象"></a>对调试器的最初印象</h1><p>每个刚入行的程序员都有过对调试器一知半解的时候，那时我们使用 <strong>printf</strong>，<strong>console.log</strong>, <strong>System.out.println</strong> 等进行错误定位，统称<strong>打印输出调试法</strong>，这个方法至今在服务器后端等无法停机更无法挂调试器的地方大行其道，我们叫它<strong>log日志</strong>。<br>当我们工作了一段时间之后，逐渐发现了编程世界的复杂性，有些问题无法通过简单的打印来定位：</p>
<ol>
<li>程序内某个变量的值被改掉了，我想知道是哪里改的</li>
<li>两个相同的组件，一个表现正常一个不正常，why?</li>
<li>程序存在死锁或其他多线程静态条件，怎么定位和修复？</li>
<li>我的程序内存泄露了，怎么办</li>
</ol>
<p>上面列举的一些情况有些可以借助debugger，有些如内存泄露，还需要借助其他的分析工具，但不可否认的是，debugger是程序员修bug奋斗之路上最坚实的后盾。代码出了问题，你能依靠的只有你自己的逻辑和你手里的调试工具。哦，当然，你也可以选择摇人，这个不在本文讨论范围之内。</p>
<p>我们都会用到debugger，它一般提供如下功能：</p>
<ol>
<li>控制程序运行，如断点，单步执行等</li>
<li>查看，修改变量值</li>
<li>修改程序执行流程</li>
</ol>
<p>调试功能我们常用，但就是因为它太常用了，是语言附属的基础设施，所以我们好像很少会去思考，它是如何实现的？</p>
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          <h1 id="1-重构版Launcher的技术方案"><a href="#1-重构版Launcher的技术方案" class="headerlink" title="1. 重构版Launcher的技术方案"></a>1. 重构版Launcher的技术方案</h1><h2 id="简单的对比"><a href="#简单的对比" class="headerlink" title="简单的对比"></a>简单的对比</h2><p>多厂商Launcher本身是一个使用QT作为界面库，CEF作为内嵌浏览器，使用C++语言进行开发的桌面程序。多厂商Launcher存在很多的问题，在决定重构之后，对后续的技术方案进行了一番考量，具体的对比如下：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>多厂商</th>
<th>重构版</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>Qt版本</td>
<td>5.6.3</td>
<td>5.12.6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CEF版本</td>
<td>76.0.3809.162 (支持XP+)</td>
<td>86.0.4044.132 (支持win7+)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>VS版本</td>
<td>VS 2013</td>
<td>VS 2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>构建系统</td>
<td>VS工程+CMake</td>
<td>CMake</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>版本升级方式</td>
<td>大网易的补丁升级系统</td>
<td>ngl-pacman工具</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>打包方式</td>
<td>bash脚本和cmd脚本</td>
<td>bash脚本</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
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          <h1 id="问题的开端"><a href="#问题的开端" class="headerlink" title="问题的开端"></a>问题的开端</h1><p>一直以来，我都认为我算是一名合格的程序员，或者叫IT工程师。理由如下：</p>
<ol>
<li>熟悉基础的编程框架和编程语言技巧，能完成日常开发任务。</li>
<li>对工作保有热情，手脚麻利，有责任心。</li>
<li>一直在持续学习，享受编程并解决问题的过程。</li>
</ol>
<p>但是最近工作中遇到一些事情，我开始意识到我自身存在的一些问题：</p>
<ol>
<li>不善沟通，容易习惯性消极。</li>
<li>代码质量差，很少一遍通过。经常出错，排错花了很多时间。</li>
<li>解决问题的能力差，遇到不熟悉的问题经常不得要领，无法真正地独立解决难题。</li>
<li>讨厌写复杂逻辑，涉及到算法相关的问题就发蒙。</li>
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          <p>这是一篇转帖，写的实在精彩。原贴出自<em>看雪论坛</em>，原贴地址请 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://bbs.pediy.com/thread-131961.htm">戳这里</a> </p>
<p><strong>如果原作者对此转帖行为有任何异议，请联系本人撤销。</strong></p>
<h1 id="什么是NAT？为什么要使用NAT？"><a href="#什么是NAT？为什么要使用NAT？" class="headerlink" title="什么是NAT？为什么要使用NAT？"></a>什么是NAT？为什么要使用NAT？</h1><p>NAT是将私有地址转换为合法IP地址的技术，通俗的讲就是将内网与内网通信时怎么将内网私有IP地址转换为可在网络中传播的合法IP地址。NAT的出现完美地解决了lP地址不足的问题，而且还能够有效地避免来自网络外部的攻击，隐藏并保护网络内部的计算机。  </p>
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          <p>我是在去年订阅的《硅谷来信》，具体的月份已记不得，只记得天气很凉，大概是在十一月或者十二月。</p>
<p>这个栏目得到app上的一款付费内容，由硅谷投资人吴军老师每天分享一些话题进行深入讨论组成。开始只是觉着，自己需要学点东西，对这个节目的期待度也并没有多高。但是每天去听一篇，逐渐下来，直至今日，《硅谷来信》的所有节目播放完之后，才发觉，自己面前的是一座宝库。这些散落在艺术，职场，人生哲理，科学思维等等一系列主题中的内容，非常深刻地影响了我对这个世界方方面面的看法。在此非常感谢吴军老师的辛勤耕耘。</p>
<p>如果说我收获了什么，细细想来，会有很多，因为时间很长而且作者的在生活的方方面面都有不俗的见解，所以很难统一地论述整个过程中带给我的各种思考。但是我认为，最重要的一点大概就是：人需要拥有生活的智慧，它让生活本身变得更优雅。</p>
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          <h1 id="计算机图形学与OpenGL"><a href="#计算机图形学与OpenGL" class="headerlink" title="计算机图形学与OpenGL"></a>计算机图形学与OpenGL</h1><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2%E5%AD%A6/279486?fr=aladdin">计算机图形学</a>主要研究如何在计算机中显示丰富多彩的二维和三维图形。受益于计算机图形学的发展和图形硬件性能的飞速提升，各种游戏大作的绚丽画面令人瞠目结舌。而近两年<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E/207123?fr=aladdin">虚拟现实(VR)</a>和<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A2%9E%E5%BC%BA%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E/1889025">增强现实(AR)</a>的兴起，配合着早已到来的移动互联网时代，更是让人们看到了计算机图形学所带来的未来科技的魅力。</p>
<p>在图形学编程中，计算机图形学是基础，其背后的数学原理指导我们如何将三维物体空间投射到二维屏幕空间并展现出真实的空间感。有了理论基础，我们就需要某种方法，将这种理论转化为切实的计算机程序，将画面加以呈现。这个过程中，程序员需要某种方式，可以和计算机的图形显卡进行通信，将显示数据送入显存，并告知显卡这些数据的含义，最终由显卡进行渲染，最终呈现出画面。</p>
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          <p>其实很早之前就接触过emacs，大概是被<strong>Dr. 王垠</strong>蛊惑到了，也许是自己本来就喜欢一些比较geek的东西来折腾，那时候开始尝试使用emacs。也学习过emacs的elisp，写过简单的函数，自己写过配置文件，但是自己主要的工作还是要在windows下完成，开发工具也主要是使用VS，所以emacs也就逐渐沦为了写org的工具。接触VIM大概是在大学的计算机课程上，彻底地被VIM的模式搞昏了头并对此深恶痛绝。</p>
<p>第一次打开emcas运行，还是挺失望的：丑陋的界面，简陋的功能，古怪的快捷键。它在我看来就像是上个世纪的产品，属于那些行将就木的垂垂老朽。但是还是耐下性子，从toturial开始一点点学起，尝试去记忆emcas的快捷键，学习它的buffer，window，mini buffer等等的概念。说实话，emacs能够满足每个diy狂人内心的渴望。有段时间还是挺沉迷emacs的，喜欢尝试各种的配置，在网上四处寻找个各种的配置，尝试给emacs套上各种的功能，把emacs配置成C++ IDE，配置成音乐播放器前端，配置成强大的terminal前端等等。期间也学了一点简单的elisp的编写，尝试自己对emacs进行更深度的定制。不得不说，elisp在我看来是一个古怪的语言，古怪的语法，古怪的括号嵌套，古怪的编程理念，其间种种都和自己接受过的编程概念格格不入。也许是自己实在不是一个能够沉下心来学习的人，始终无法掌握elisp语言的精髓。慢慢的发现，对emacs的研究仿佛永无止境，在lisp的大海里徜徉，却很少感受到自己有什么进步，逐渐也就失去了继续深入的动力。</p>
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          <h1 id="从软件开发谈“后悔药”的必要性"><a href="#从软件开发谈“后悔药”的必要性" class="headerlink" title="从软件开发谈“后悔药”的必要性"></a>从软件开发谈“后悔药”的必要性</h1><p>每当我们作出一个决定，我们就必然要承担它带来的后果。很多时候，面对未来的不确定性，我们会作出错误的决定。这时我们往往追悔莫及。但是这个世界上却永远不存在“后悔药”。就目前的科技水平来看，我们无力操纵时空，篡改历史。</p>
<p>万幸的是，作为程序员，我们却有工具来在软件开发的过程中随时给自己安利一发“后悔药”尝尝咸淡。这种后悔药叫做“版本控制”。</p>
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          <p>如果你不确定，请先停下来，自己考虑这个问题并审视你的代码，直到你确定答案是YES。如果我们不能保证基本的线程安全，那我们可能要面临一个定时炸弹：程序可能会在一个只有天知道的时间点崩溃。</p>
<p>很多人对这种多线程bug感到痛苦而绝望，因为它总在不经意间让你的程序变得一团糟。</p>
<h1 id="为什么存在“线程安全”问题。"><a href="#为什么存在“线程安全”问题。" class="headerlink" title="为什么存在“线程安全”问题。"></a>为什么存在“线程安全”问题。</h1><p>从”线程”的语义上来说，可以理解为在一个进程中提供的多条代码执行路径。在概念上，进程是拥有资源的最小单位，线程是CPU调度的最小单位。在进程中，多个线程可以共享相同的资源。这种“共享”本身就带来了多线程编程中的<strong>线程安全</strong>问题。</p>
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          <h1 id="学习是一件快乐的事"><a href="#学习是一件快乐的事" class="headerlink" title="学习是一件快乐的事"></a>学习是一件快乐的事</h1><p>对于以为以技术谋生的程序员来说，自我学习是我们职业生涯中一直面对的一个问题。</p>
<p>很多时候，学习使我们应对行业变化的一种方法和手段，为了跟得上这个迅速变化的行业，我们需要时刻关注行业热点并进行选择性的跟进，以期能够在职业道路上占得先机，又或者在自己的领域内进行深入学习，提升自己解决实际问题的能力，成为领域内的专家，才能升职加薪，让自己的财务更加自由。技术追求和金钱追求，在某些时候是可以统筹对待的。</p>
<p>但是抛开这些客观因素，我们还应该看到，学习本身在主观上就应该是一件快乐的事情。“To be a better man” 本身就对技术人员充满了诱惑力：这种诱惑力使我们拒绝了游戏，拒绝了网剧，拒绝了娱乐节目，把每天的时间抽出来花在对技术的追求上。在我看来，一个好的技术人员，他应该首先是乐于学习的，这样才能拥有不断前进的原动力。</p>
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